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Ewha Moves up in 2025 JoongAng Ilbo University Rankings to Sixth in Comprehensive Rating

Ewha Moves up in 2025 JoongAng Ilbo University Rankings to Sixth in Comprehensive Rating Ewha Womans University ranked sixth in comprehensive standing in the 2025 JoongAng Ilbo University Rankings, up one notch from last year. The achievement reflects a strong evaluation, amid fierce competition, of Ewha’s reputable curricula, outstanding graduate employability, and robust research support systems. Subject Ranking Introduced to Rate Academic Performance in Across Nine Disciplines This year, JoongAng Ilbo introduced discipline-based evaluations for the first time, to assess in greater detail each university’s individual characteristics and field-specific strengths. Their subject ranking covers nine disciplines: languages, literature, and the humanities; social sciences; business and economics; electrical, electronic, telecommunications and computer engineering; materials science and chemical and energy engineering; mechanical, aerospace and transportation engineering; construction, urban and environmental engineering; mathematics, physics, astronomy and earth sciences; chemistry, life sciences, agriculture and forestry and fisheries. Academic performances in these nine fields were evaluated based on common indicators including research funding, publications, citations and employability, as well as additional field-specific indicators. Ewha Receives “Exceptional” Ratings in Humanities and Business; “Excellent” Ratings in Social Sciences, Natural Sciences and Engineering In the subject rankings, Ewha demonstrated particularly remarkable achievements in the humanities and in business. In the languages, literature and humanities discipline, Ewha was awarded an “exceptional” rating in recognition of its full-time faculty ratio, stable research environment and educational innovation in response to digital transformation. Ewha earned another “exceptional” rating in the business and economics discipline, for its high graduate employability, low dropout rates, and outstanding number of top 10 percent international research publications. In the social sciences discipline, Ewha received an “excellent” rating for showing strong numbers in Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) indicator per faculty member. Across all major disciplines in the natural sciences and engineeringelectrical, electronic, telecommunications and computer engineering; mathematics, physics, astronomy and earth sciences; and chemistry, life sciences, agriculture and forestry and fisheriesEwha received “excellent” ratings, demonstrating the institution’s outstanding capabilities in research and education in both basic sciences and applied technologies. Recognition Earned for Student-Centered Educational Innovations and Improvements in University Research Ecosystem Ewha’s rise in this year’s ranking was primarily driven by a student-centered approach to academic affairs management and improvements made to its research environment. The school’s double major system, self-designed major modules and enhancements in its faculty mentorship system have helped establish an academic system that enables students to design their own learning and career paths. Ewha’s academic competitiveness has also been boosted by support programs that allow a seamless transition from undergraduate research opportunities to graduate studies and professional competence. There were improvements as well in Ewha’s research performance, including international collaborative research and international journal citations. Future Tasks for Strengthening Global Competitiveness In pursuit of global excellence, Ewha Womans University is currently pursuing core strategies to vitalize international collaborative research and to improve individual faculty members’ citation impact indicators. These strategies will be supported by efforts to restructure the university’s faculty review criteria through the adoption of specialized outside evaluation and of adjusted evaluation standards for individual colleges; and by efforts to strengthen university communications through multilingual international promotions of Ewha’s achievements in research and through the expansion of international networks. In preparation of the school’s 140th anniversary, Ewha is seeking to attract outstanding researchers and lay the foundation for global research cooperation by revamping its multilingual researcher / laboratory websites and by further promoting faculty research and publications. The newly launched Ewha Global Excellence Program to support medium- and long-term research will also serve as a key foundation for global excellence. The 2025 JoongAng Ilbo University Rankings reaffirm Ewha’s strengths in the humanities, social sciences and business, while also showing its strong growth potential in the natural sciences and engineering. Ewha plans to further enhance its reputation in the humanities and social sciences, while improving quantitative indicators in the natural sciences and engineering, with an aim to solidify its global competitiveness.
- No.843
- Writer
- Date2025.12.02
- Views5583
842
Ewha Selected for 2025 National Research Laboratory Program to Pioneer World Class Research Across Disciplines

Ewha Selected for 2025 National Research Laboratory Program to Pioneer World Class Research Across Disciplines The Institute for Multiscale Matter and Systems (IMMS) at Ewha Womans University has been selected for the 2025 National Research Laboratory (NRL 2.0) program, a major government grant supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the Ministry of Education. The selection reaffirms on a national level Ewha’s long-established world-class research ecosystem and convergence research capabilities, conferring the school with the mission to serve for the next ten years as a research hub for Korea’s national strategic technologies to addresses the challenges of the future. The NRL 2.0 program was launched in 2025 as a core national strategy initiative for science and technology, with an aim to foster research institutions that reach beyond basic science, toward problem-solving, convergence-driven research addressing complex technological and industrial challenges. Following the call for proposals in April, preliminary and pitch evaluations were carried out, resulting in the selection of four institutes, including Ewha IMMS. Through the NRL 2.0 program, Ewha IMMS will receive a block grant of KRW 10 billion annually for ten years, amounting to a total of KRW 100 billion, and will take the lead in conducting problem-solving, convergence-driven research centered on multiscale materials, addressing issues related to national strategic technologies and various challenges for the mankind. IMMS’s operation plan comprises technical groups (TG) for basic research, to focus on specialization in the national strategic technologies, and core projects (CP) for application and expansion, aiming at solving Korea’s national challenges; the two branches which will be managed as a matrix structure to simultaneously pursue advancement and expansion in research. Each CP will partner with prominent institutions at Harvard University, ETH Zurich, University College London and other leading universities to expand Ewha’s international collaborative research and to strengthening university-industry collaboration, which will help develop Ewha into an innovative global research platform. IMMS Director Hoi Ri Moon remarked, “Ewha’s research teams have already produced numerous internationally recognized achievements,” adding, “The decisive factor in Ewha’s selection for NRL 2.0 was the university’s capabilities and potential for growth in advanced technology.” Professor Moon underscored the institute’s vision and strong commitment, saying, “Through convergence research that crosses disciplinary boundaries, we are determined to solve Korea’s national challenges in science and technology.” Ewha’s selection for NRL 2.0 is a concrete outcome of Ewha’s future strategy. With IMMS at the center of its vision for the future, Ewha will embark on expanding global collaborative research platforms, and on solving challenges while developing new industries related to AI-based precision materials design, climate and energy, advanced semiconductors, and secondary batteries. Through its efforts in research innovation and world-class collaboration to address the challenges of our time, the university plans to evolve into a global research university contributing to scientific and technological advancement beyond Korea. Ewha President Hyang-Sook Lee issued a message underlining the university’s vision for the project, emphasizing that “the goal of the NRL 2.0 program, which is to pioneer world-class innovative research, aligns perfectly with Ewha’s vision. It will be an opportunity for Ewha’s IMMS, composed of research teams with outstanding capabilities, to grow into a global innovative research institute in material technologies.”
- No.841
- Writer
- Date2025.12.01
- Views9625
840
Ewha Ranks Fourth in the National Customer Satisfaction Index (NCSI) Among Private Universities

In the 2025 National Customer Satisfaction Index (NCSI) survey, Ewha Womans University ranked joint fourth among four-year private universities in Korea, advancing two ranks compared to last year. The NCSI is a highly reliable satisfaction survey conducted annually by the Korea Productivity Center. This year’s NCSI survey questioned 2,600 students from 13 private universities nationwide, assessing overall satisfaction, satisfaction compared to expectations, and satisfaction compared to the ideal. Specifically, Ewha scored 79 points in total satisfaction, up one point from last year; 83 points in customer loyalty, an increase of five points; and 82% in customer retention, well above the average. Notably, customer complaints fell from 1.0% to 0.0%, reflecting Ewha’s successful efforts to improve student satisfaction. Ewha Womans University has promoted more flexible academic systems and strengthened student support systems by introducing self-designed Module courses, improving double-major and minor programs, operating the AI-based student support system (E-Buds), and establishing major-specific career guidance frameworks. As a result, Ewha has earned the highest S-grade rating for two consecutive years in the University Innovation Support Project Performance Evaluation, most recently conducted last August by the Ministry of Education. Additionally, Ewha has ranked first among Korean universities in the Gender Equality category of the THE World University Impact Rankings for six consecutive years, consolidating its status as a premier educational institution for women. Since her inauguration, President Hyang-Sook Lee has expanded communication channels by improving student-centered administrative systems, enhancing the campus environment, and holding regular meetings with students. This NCSI result is considered proof that Ewha’s inclusive innovation and student-centered policies have led to substantial trust and satisfaction. Ewha has maintained a top position in the private university category of the NCSI survey for ten consecutive years since 2016, demonstrating the outcomes of its long-term commitment to improving educational service quality and student experience. Utilizing the NCSI survey results, the university will continue to identify improvement tasks across all fields, focusing on education quality, administrative convenience, and students’ quality of life.
- No.839
- Writer
- Date2025.11.12
- Views4265
838
President Hyang-Sook Lee Expands KoreaU.S. Higher Education Cooperation and Women’s Leadership Exchange

On October 24, during her visit to Washington D.C., Ewha President Hyang-Sook Lee met with representatives from major institutions including George Washington University (GWU), American University (AU), and the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the U.S. to discuss measures for expanding Korea-U.S. higher education cooperation and women’s leadership exchange. This visit served as a milestone to further strengthen Ewha’s international cooperation networks by detailing collaboration in diverse fields such as AI-based research innovation, interdisciplinary convergence education, and global leadership programs. During her visit to GWU, President Lee met with President Ellen M. Granberg and Vice President for Research Robert H. (Bob) Miller to discuss cooperation measures in depth, including expanding student exchanges and short-term education programs, advancing joint AI research and co-teaching, and developing women’s entrepreneurship programs. The two universities, which have closely collaborated since signing an agreement in 2001, agreed to launch the “Micro Degree Exchange Program.” This program will enable Ewha students to pursue GWU’s AI Micro Degree and GWU students to enroll in Ewha’s Korean Culture Micro Degree. In addition, they explored new models of AI interdisciplinary convergence education, such as collaboration between Ewha’s G-LAMP AI project and the GWU Trustworthy AI Institute, as well as co-developing entrepreneurship tracks. At American University, President Lee met with President Jonathan R. Alger and Professor Gwanhoo Lee of the Kogod School of Business to discuss collaborative pathways based on both universities’ strengths in fields such as AI and climate tech. The pathways discussed included student exchanges, AI-based business management and entrepreneurship education, and the development of global leadership programs. President Lee emphasized that the convergence of AI and business management will be a core element of future higher education, expressing her strong commitment to advancing tangible joint programs. In addition, President Lee visited the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the United States and met with Ambassador Kyung-wha Kang to exchange views on expanding academic and cultural exchange between Korean and U.S. universities, strengthening global women’s leadership, and enhancing the role of universities in public diplomacy. Ambassador Kang praised Ewha’s leadership in women’s education and pledged continued cooperation. Through this visit, Ewha Womans University has significantly expanded its global cooperation framework around AI, entrepreneurship, and women’s leadership. GWU and AU expressed their intention to broaden exchanges and make official visits to Korea in 2026 to celebrate the 140th anniversary of Ewha’s founding. President Lee stated, “As a university leading an era of great transformation through inclusive innovation, Ewha will open the future of global women’s education through international collaboration and research innovation.”
- No.837
- Writer
- Date2025.11.07
- Views7422
836
President Hyang-Sook Lee Strengthens Ewha Alumnae Network

Ewha President Hyang-Sook Lee visited Washington D.C. in the United States from October 23 to 26, where she attended various events to foster a strong North American Ewha alumnae network and share Ewha’s future vision with alumnae and supporters. President Lee attended the 2025 plenary session of Ewha Womans University United Alumnae Chapters of North America (EWHA WU UACNA), the annual board meeting of the International Foundation for Ewha Womans University (IFEWU), and the College of Music 100th anniversary concert, as well as meeting with key alumnae and donators. In the plenary session of the UACNA, attended by about 250 alumnae and directors of the IFEWU, President Lee shared Ewha’s vision, “Ewha Leading an Era of Great Transformation Through Inclusive Innovation,” and key achievements in 2025. In addition, she introduced commemorative projects and fundraising campaigns for the upcoming 140th anniversary in 2026, encouraging alumnae to participate. Subsequently, the Office of University Relations and Development delivered the latest university news, including the Ewha Metaverse Campus. Meanwhile, in the annual board meeting of the IFEWU, Ewha’s achievements in innovation and future development strategies were discussed. Accordingly, President Lee suggested a direction for Ewha’s long-term development based on continuous support and cooperation from the North American Ewha community. She also attended the College of Music centennial concert “Giving Thanks,” celebrating the last performance of its American tour and encouraging local alumnae. On the last day of her visit, at a banquet hosted by the UACNA, President Lee emphasized Ewha’s global strategies, including the enhancement of AI capabilities, and expressed her commitment to further expanding Ewha’s role in international society. During this visit, donation pledges totaling KRW 5.879 billion were made, and the IFEWU resolved to donate USD 800,000. She remarked, “This visit was meaningful as it reaffirmed the strength of our network of 270,000 alumnae.” Ewha Womans University continues to expand exchanges with alumnae associations abroad ahead of its 140th anniversary in 2026, with a visit to Los Angeles scheduled for January 2026. The university will actively pursue major initiatives to realize its vision, “A New Era, a New Ewha,” by strengthening connections with global alumnae communities.
- No.835
- Writer
- Date2025.11.07
- Views7054
834
College of Nursing Hosts 2025 International Conference

Ewha Womans University College of Nursing and the Ewha Research Institute of Nursing Science (ERINS) hosted the 2025 International Conference on October 20 at Lee Sam-bong Hall of the ECC Building to commemorate 122 years of nursing education at Ewha and the 70th anniversary of Korea’s first four-year baccalaureate degree in nursing. At the conference themed “NURSING AT THE INTERSECTION: Person-Centered Care meets Cutting Edge Technologies,” approximately 180 participants, including nursing educators, practitioners, researchers, and international speakers, discussed the future of nursing science amid technological advances. At the opening ceremony, College of Nursing Dean Younhee Kang shed new light on the essence of nursing and emphasized strengthening global nursing leadership, while Ewha President Hyang-Sook Lee presented the 122-year history of Ewha nursing education and stressed the need for harmony between technological innovation and human-centered care. Conference attendees heard from two keynote speakers. First, Professor Brendan McCormack at the University of Sydney emphasized the importance of creativity and empathy, as the core of nursing remains human-centered even in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). Subsequently, Professor Angela Leung at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University shared examples of how technology can contribute to improving quality of life, drawing on the WHO concept of “Healthy Ageing.” In addition, the following speakers took the podium to deliver lectures: Professor Yoko Shimpuku from Hiroshima University in Japan, Professor Meihua Piao from Harbin Medical University (HMU) in China, Professor Kenshi Hayashida from Kyushu University in Japan, Professor Sasitara Nuampa from Nakhon Ratchasima University in Thailand, Professor Chew Han Shi Jocelyn from the National University of Singapore (NUS), and Professor Chiyoung Cha from Ewha Womans University in Korea. The conference also featured around 100 paper presentations and poster sessions, providing a forum to explore visions for the future of nursing science and directions for international joint research. Building on this conference, Ewha College of Nursing plans to further expand global research cooperation in precision nursing and AI-based nursing studies.
- No.833
- Writer
- Date2025.11.04
- Views5811
832
Farewell and Inauguration Ceremony for the Chairperson of Ewha Haktang

The Ewha Haktang Farewell and Inauguration Ceremony for Chairperson Chang Myong-Sue and incoming Chairperson Eun Mee Kim took place on Wednesday, October 29th, at Lee San-bong Hall (ECC). About 200 guests attended the ceremony, including executives and staff at Ewha Haktang, incumbent and former presidents, alumni and faculty members of Ewha Womans University, presidents of leading universities, and heads of government departments and major public agencies. The event opened with greetings from Hyang-Sook Lee, President of Ewha Womans University, followed by a congratulatory address by Ban Ki-moon, the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations. It then continued with a farewell address by former Chairperson Chang, an inaugural address by incoming Chairperson Kim, the presentation of an appreciation plaque, and a congratulatory performance. In her opening remarks, President Lee stated, “I express my deep gratitude and respect to former Chairperson Chang Myong-Sue, for her 14 years of devoted leadership to Ewha’s development.” President Lee further added, “During her time as Ewha University President, incoming Chairperson Eun Mee Kim has strengthened Ewha’s global competitiveness through educational and research innovation under the spirit of ‘learning from the old to create something new’, and I am confident that she will open a new era for Ewha Haktang with her deep insights and graceful leadership.” The eighth UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon remarked in his congratulatory address, “Ewha Haktang transcends the role of a mere educational institution – it embodies the living history of Korea’s modern age and stands as a guiding light of women’s rights and education. Thanks to Chairperson Chang’s keen insight and compassionate leadership, Ewha has established an even stronger foundation both internally and externally. Now, with Chairperson Kim’s strong initiative and inspiring leadership, I believe Ewha will continue to grow into a global educational institution, leading the new generation with renewed momentum.” He added, “I sincerely wish that Ewha will continue its invaluable journey as a beacon of hope – not only to the women in Korea, but to all humankind around the world – through integration and communication.” In her farewell address, Chairperson Chang remarked, “In 2011, when I succeeded Chairperson Yoon Hoo-Jung, I felt more fear than pride in taking on this position, knowing that my predecessors and mentors had devoted their lives to leading Ewha. After 14 years, the fear still remains within me. And yet, I have continued to move forward toward Ewha’s bright future, recalling the resolute teaching of my mentor, Chairperson Kim Okgil, during difficult times – ‘There is no secret to success.’” She added, “I believe that incoming Chairperson Eun Mee Kim will lead Ewha successfuly into a new phase of development as a global leading institution, with generosity and deep dedication.” Chairperson Chang concluded her remarks by saying, “I truly believe in the eternal light of Ewha’s founding spirit – to nurture outstanding and talented women to make the world a better place.” Chairperson Eun Mee Kim, who will lead Ewha Haktang from October 28th, stated, “The history of Ewha Haktang symbolizes the history of modern education in Korea and represents the journey toward recognizing the personhood of women and the hope of humanity. In 1886, when Mary F. Scranton opened the door to women’s education, Ewha became a signpost leading social change.” She also emphasized, “Ewha Haktang will serve as a central platform within the education ecosystem and as a solid foundation for the entire Ewha community, strengthening the institutional, financial, and ethical pillars of its affiliated institutions so that they may fulfill their missions.” Chairperson Kim added, “The long-term vision of Ewha Haktang is to build a sustainable education ecosystem that illuminates the future of humankind through its values.” She concluded her remarks by emphasizing that Ewha’s path forward lies in achieving financial sustainability, establishing transparent governance and trust-based management, systematically enhancing the educational environment and campus infrastructure, strengthening social responsibility and public engagement, and maintaining Ewha’s identity while expanding its global reach.
- No.831
- Writer
- Date2025.11.03
- Views8587
830
The College of Art & Design hosts an international symposium, Maritime Imaginary in the Age of Climate Emergency

The College of Art & Design hosts an international symposium, Maritime Imaginary in the Age of Climate Emergency The College of Art & Design hosted an international symposium, Maritime Imaginary in the Age of Climate Emergency, and associated workshops on Friday, October 24 and Saturday, October 25. This event aimed to explore how, amid the climate crisis, art can contemplate and communicate themes of time, ecology, and coexistence. It brought together artistic directors, curators, and scholars from the humanities and sciences to share their interdisciplinary perspectives on art, humanities, and science. On the 24th, approximately 260 people participated in the international symposium, which took place at Emerson Chapel in Case Hall. The symposium was hosted by Moon Kyung Won, Dean of the College of Art & Design, and opened with a welcome speech by Vice President for Research and External Affairs Jhungsoo Park. The Vice President emphasized the significance of the event, stating, “The Ewha Frontier 10-10 Painting Team is shaping the future of art education by fusing art and technology.” The dean also remarked, “I hope this event will offer an opportunity to address artistic responses to the climate crisis, using the sea as a medium that connects participants and audiences.” Distinguished Visiting Professor Frances Morris CBE, former Director of Tate Modern and Chair of the Gallery Climate Coalition, chaired the symposium and oversaw its overall planning. In Session 1, Artistic Director of TBA21, Daniela Zyman, and President of the Korea Polar Research Institute, Hyoung Chul Shin, delivered talks on “Maritime Epistemology,” while Distinguished Professor Chang-hoi Ho moderated the discussion. In Session 2, Kyung-Chul Jou, Professor at Seoul National University, and John Kenneth Paranada, a British curator, gave presentations on “The Past and Future of Marine Resources.” The discussion was moderated by Professor Morris, and the session was hosted by Eunyoung Park, Professor of Art History. Participants explored the use of the sea as a medium for artistic imagination and engaged in expansive discussions on the role of art amid the climate crisis. At the international workshop held the next day, Dr. Chitra V from Australian National University gave a lecture on the development of seaside towns and visual storytelling. The event concluded with creative art projects based on the theme of the symposium, composed and presented by young Korean curators and graduate students from Ewha Womans University.
- No.829
- Writer
- Date2025.10.29
- Views11206
828
Ewha Womans University Signs MOU with Seoul Foundation of Women & Family to Promote Gender Equality and...

Ewha Womans University Signs MOU with Seoul Foundation of Women & Family to Promote Gender Equality and Childcare Collaboration On October 1, Ewha Womans University signed a partnership agreement with the Seoul Foundation of Women & Family in the Pfeiffer Hall reception room to promote a gender-equal society and strengthen cooperation in childcare. The agreement centers on three key areas: building a university-childcare collaboration system, enhancing campus violence prevention and response systems, and laying the groundwork for advancing women’s career development. The two institutions will collaborate with local facilities such as the Seoul Neighborhood Kiwoom Center to improve the quality of care and support violence prevention efforts. They also plan to launch joint initiatives—including education programs, events, and campaigns—to support women’s entry into and retention in the IT field, thereby promoting career development and spreading gender equality values. At the ceremony, Hyang-Sook Lee, President of Ewha Womans University, and Park Jung-sook, President of Seoul Foundation of Women & Family, along with other representatives, discussed the direction and action plans for the cooperative model between universities and public institutions. President Lee remarked, “The MOU marks the starting point of both institutions’ strong commitment to building a gender-equal society. Academia, policy, education, and civil society should cooperate closely to solve these complex issues, including the low birth rate, an aging society, and digital sexual crimes.” She also promised tangible outcomes by combining Ewha’s professional knowledge in women’s studies, social welfare, and education with the foundation’s Womentech educational platform, after-school childcare programs, and violence prevention initiatives. President Park stated, “We expect the university and local community to work together to find solutions to the pressing challenges of childcare and safety. In particular, with university students participating in childcare and violence prevention programs, this partnership is anticipated to help establish a youth-led community safety net.” Following the MOU, Ewha has committed to actively engage in addressing social challenges, including childcare, violence prevention, and women’s career development, by combining its educational and research capabilities with the social resources of the local community. In doing so, the university is expected to promote the values of gender equality, safety, and childcare, and to build the foundation for a sustainable social model jointly led by the university and the local community.
- No.827
- Writer
- Date2025.10.13
- Views15078
826
Ewha Research Team Develops Real-Time Workload Measurement System for Nurses

Ewha Research Team Develops Real-Time Workload Measurement System for Nurses A joint research team from Ewha Womans University’s Colleges of Nursing and Engineering has developed a real-time, location-based system designed to objectively assess nursing workload. The study was published in the internationally recognized Journal of Nursing Management (nursing field top 3.1%). Currently, nurse staffing shortages pose a global challenge. In Korea, the number of patients per nurse is two to five times higher than the OECD average, resulting in a significant workload burden. Traditional methods such as supervisor observation or self-reporting are susceptible to bias and inaccuracies, making them unreliable for workforce planning. To address this, the research team developed a beacon-based system that records nurses’ real-time movement within hospital wards. The system consists of four components: beacons (data-generating devices), a smartphone app (for nurses), a server, and a database. Beacons installed in key areas, such as hospital rooms, hallways, and medication rooms, emit signals. These signals are captured by nurses’ smartphones, transmitted to a server, and then stored in a database. Experimental results showed a recognition rate of up to 97.5 percent with a setup of 12-15 beacons and one smartphone, demonstrating high accuracy. This system enables the objective measurement of nurses’ travel distance, working hours, and movement patterns. The research team plans to integrate AI and big data analytics to develop predictive models tailored to hospital types, departments, and shifts. This is expected to optimize staffing, lower turnover, and improve patient safety and overall care quality. Professor Younhee Kang stated, “This system represents the first technical approach to the precise measurement of nursing workload. It is expected to serve as a core tool for rational workforce allocation and improving the quality of healthcare services.” This research is the outcome of a convergence project supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP), which has been ongoing since 2021.
- No.825
- Writer
- Date2025.10.10
- Views14861

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